According to a study, focusing on regular times of movement throughout the day rather than scheduled exercise contributes to long-term weight loss in older persons.
This is the first study to show that a behavioural intervention focusing on moving often throughout the day results in similar short-term weight loss and better long-term weight maintenance than a large volume of aerobic treadmill walking.
“This research is relevant for clinicians and other healthcare providers interested in supporting long-term weight loss in older persons , as well as for older persons who are personally interested in weight loss and avoiding weight gain,” said Jason Fanning, PhD, assistant professor in Wake Forest University’s Department of Health and Exercise Science in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The study’s corresponding author is Fanning.
Local advertisements were used to attract participants from Carolina and the nearby areas for the study. Between 2016 and January 2019, six waves of recruitment were place, with the last follow-up taking place in September 2020. The first four waves of participants completed procedures before to the commencement of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, while the latter two waves took part during the COVID-19 quarantine orders. Participants who completed research procedures prior to the COVID-19 quarantine orders are included in the analysis.
A total of 183 men and women between the ages of 65 and 85 who were classed as obese based on a BMI of 30 to 45 kg/m2 were chosen. The average participant was 70 years old, mostly female, well educated, and self-reported hypertension and arthritis as the most common comorbidities. These characteristics did not differ statistically between research groups.
Participants were assigned to one of three physical activity recommendations: aerobic exercise and SitLess, which required them to move often throughout the day; aerobic exercise alone; or SitLess alone. At least two weeks before the commencement of the intervention, all participants received a Fitbit Alta activity monitor, which was coupled with a mobile health app specific to each intervention arm (mHealth app; the EMPOWER Companion App).
The app was meant to encourage self-monitoring of activity behaviours by giving group-specific, visual feedback of Fitbit activity data between intervention visits and to facilitate contact between group members and research staff between intervention visits. At baseline, after the intensive phase of intervention (six months), and at the end of the maintenance phase, study assessments were gathered by blinded research staff (18 months).
Weight loss and SitLess had an attendance rate of 80%, weight loss and aerobic exercise had an attendance rate of 84 percent, and weight loss, aerobic exercise, and SitLess had an attendance rate of 78 percent. Weight loss and aerobic exercise participants attended 79 percent of organised exercise sessions on average, while weight loss, aerobic exercise, and SitLess participants attended 65 percent. The weight loss, SitLess, and aerobic exercise groups had the most app usage during the intensive phase (weeks 1-24) and the overall study period (weeks 1-72), while the weight loss and aerobic exercise group had the least. Those who received the SitLess intervention tended to look at their app more frequently, which was to be expected given that they were encouraged to look at their activity patterns multiple times a day.
Weight loss and SitLess had an attendance rate of 80%, weight loss and aerobic exercise had an attendance rate of 84 percent, and weight loss, aerobic exercise, and SitLess had an attendance rate of 78 percent. Weight loss and aerobic exercise participants attended 79 percent of organised exercise sessions on average, while weight loss, aerobic exercise, and SitLess participants attended 65 percent. The weight loss, SitLess, and aerobic exercise groups had the most app usage during the intensive phase (weeks 1-24) and the overall study period (weeks 1-72), while the weight loss and aerobic exercise group had the least. Those who received the SitLess intervention tended to look at their app more frequently, which was to be expected given that they were encouraged to look at their activity patterns multiple times a day.
In contrast to weight loss and SitLess or weight loss and aerobic activity, researchers discovered that the weight loss, aerobic exercise, and SitLess condition did not lose more weight or contribute to better weight maintenance. In comparison to weight loss and SitLess, only the weight loss and aerobic activity condition showed significantly higher regain.
“This is encouraging evidence that “moving more, more often” is advantageous for older persons who are trying to lose weight or maintain their weight. Because it does not involve structured exercise sessions, this type of therapy approach may be seen as more accessible and viable for persons seeking long-term weight loss, and it should be investigated further in future studies. Moving forward, simplification of exercise guidance to “move more, more often” to maintain weight loss is promising for clinical practise and public health efforts “Alexandra Lee, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at The Pennsylvania State University’s Department of Kinesiology, agreed. Lee has nothing to do with the study.
W.J. Rejeski, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; I. Leng and J.F. Lovato, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University; and C. Barnett, M.F. Lyles, and B.J. Nicklas, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University are among the other authors of the study.
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